Category Archive: Choosing a Specialty

Spotlight Interviews: What is a Transitional Year Residency?

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Residency, Anesthesia, Choosing a Specialty, Dermatology, How to match in....?, Neurology, Ophthalmology, Radiology, The Match, Why did you choose....?

September 11, 2012

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A Transitional Year Resident's Perspective: An interview with a transitional year resident from the Ann Arbor, Michigan.

Part of an interview series entitled, "Specialty Spotlights", which asks medical students' most burning questions to physicians of every specialty. See what doctors from every specialty had to say about why they chose their specialty and how to match in their residency.

 

  • What is a transitional year residency?

Transitional Year (TY) residencies might be the least well known residency option after medical school. The TY is a one year residency with a general focus which prepares recent graduates for advanced residencies. To understand where a TY fits in, you must understand that there are a number of residency programs that do not start specialty training until the 2nd year after medical school graduation (i.e. PGY2). These specialties include anesthesia, dermatology, neurology, physical medicine and rehabilitation, radiology, radiation oncology, and ophthalmology.

Each of these residencies begin their specialty training after a resident's intern year. Many of these residency programs will combine the intern year (PGY1) with the advanced specialty training. In these cases, the resident will remain in the same residency throughout their training and there is no need to complete a transition year residency. However, there are programs in each of these specialties that do not start training their residents until the second year after medical school (PGY2). These programs require their residents to complete an approved intern year prior to beginning specialty training. Approved intern years include a year of preliminary medicine, preliminary surgery, preliminary pediatrics, or a transitional year residency.

 

  • How is a transitional year residency different from other intern years?

The goals of training are basically the same among all intern years; we all learn hospital based patient care. Surgical interns take care of patients before and after surgery in the hospital, medicine interns take care of medical patients in the hospital, pediatric interns take care of kids in the hospital. A transitional year resident will take care of all of the above. The transitional year aims to be a broad hospital-based training. TY residents will spend various months working on medicine, surgical, OB, pediatric, outpatient, ED, ICU, and elective rotations. The great asset of a TY is that it provides more flexibility, allowing residents to focus on their interests. I am interested in research and was able to complete two months of intense research during my intern year: something no one from an internal medicine, surgery, or any other residency could say.

 

  • Are Transitional Year Residencies easy?

Not all TYs are made equally. It is a well known fact that there are some pretty cush TY residencies out there. However, there are also some very difficult TYs. To illustrate this fact, last year I interviewed at a number of TY residencies of varying difficulties. The easiest one had 4 required inpatient months, one outpatient month, one ED month, and 6 electives. Sign out during inpatient months was 3pm. When you were in the ICU you covered 2-3 patients, and you were NEVER on call the entire year. In contrast, I interviewed at a big hospital TY where there were two MICU months where you covered 15 patients, 6 required inpatient medicine months, 2 surgery months, a busy ED month, terrible call, and three 'electives' which were all time consuming. In general, however, the answer to this question is yes. Transitional years are FAR easier than prelim surg residencies and quite a bit easier than prelim medicine residencies as well.

 

  • Is the training as good at a Transitional Year Residency?

Absolutely, if you choose the right place. Many months this year I have more free time than I did in medical school. I have found that with the free time I am actually reading and studying a ton. I think that you MUST take call to learn how to be a doctor during your intern year. I am not sure how you can become a 'well trained' doctor if you never take call during your intern year. Being on call at night is when you really have to make decisions and you really learn a ton. You don't need 11 months of inpatient work to become a great radiologist or a great ophthalmologist. However, 6 solid months of medicine/surgery will certainly prepare you for your next level of training. Then you can spend the other half of the year becoming great at something else: research, pediatrics, surgery, golf, sleeping, etc etc

 

  • Describe a typical transitional year schedule?

Everyone must do: 1 month in the ICU, 1 month ED, 1 month outpatient, 2 months general medicine. I believe the rest is up to the residency program. Most programs end up giving 3-5 months of electives.

 

  • What are the potential downsides of a Transitional Year?

Not many! More free time, less stress, more fun…what's not to like. I guess one downside is that it closes some doors if you choose to switch specialties. For example, if you were doing a preliminary medicine year at an academic center and decided you wanted to do medicine instead of anesthesia, the switch would be easier. After completing a TY year you can only go into the specialties I listed above.

 

  • How competitive is the Transitional Year match?

It is actually very competitive. There are not many spots, and they are all coveted because they represent less work, more free time, more electives, and a much easier year. Also, imagine all the applicants trying to get spots: future radiologists, ophthalmologists, radiation oncologists, dermatologists. This is not a list of ordinary applicants. Matching into a TY is about as hard as matching into radiology or ophthalmology.

 

  • What are residencies looking for in a Transitional Year applicant?

I asked my TY program director this exact question and this was his response: "We know we will only have you for one year. However, during that year the TY class will take care of about 50% of all the patients in this hospital. So, it is in the hospitals best interest to have someone who 1- will work hard without being asked, and 2- will maintain the great patient care that we have at the hospital." I think those two things are exactly what all programs want. I think item #2 may touch on competency a little bit, but is mostly referring to your interpersonal skills.

 

  • What should students look for in a Transitional Year residency?

Whatever you want to look for in a TY year. That sounds cliche, but as I said above, not all TYs are made equally. Do you want a chill year at the risk of missing out on training? You can find that. Do you want to do pediatrics as well as medicine and surgery? You can find that.

 

  • Is there anything you wish you knew before application season?

I interviewed at a few places that had both TY years as well as preliminary medicine years but the curriculum was exactly the same. In other words, if you match into the preliminary medicine year, you still have the flexibility that the TY residents at the same program have. All of these programs will let you apply to both the TY and the prelim med year after your single interview. These are great programs to find because even though there is no difference at all in the curriculum, the preliminary medicine years are a bit easier to get into.

 

  • What other advice to you have for students applying to a Transitional Year?

Good luck, intern year is exhilarating, fantastically rewarding, difficult, and very very short. Enjoy it. Read The House of God (amazon link), there is no better time than intern year. Also, watch the first season of Scrubs where the characters are interns…it is incredibly realistic!

 

 

Editor's Note: Applying for residency or preparing for your interviews? I highly recommend First Aid for the Match, The Successful Match: 200 Rules to Succeed in the Residency Match, and The Residency Interview: How To Make the Best Possible Impression .


 

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Spotlight Interview: An Orthopaedic Surgeon’s Job Description

Categories:

Residency, Choosing a Specialty, How to match in....?, Orthopedic Surgery, The Match, Why did you choose....?

August 18, 2012

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An Orthopedic Surgery Resident's Perspective: An interview with an orthopedics resident from the West Coast

Part of an interview series entitled, "Specialty Spotlights", which asks medical students' most burning questions to physicians of every specialty.  See what doctors from every specialty had to say about why they chose their specialty and how to match in their residency.

 

  • What attracted you to Orthopedic Surgery?

I feel like you can learn a lot about a specialty based on what you see in the attending physicians of that specialty. The orthopedic attendings, for the most part, seemed happy. There are many sub-specialties in Ortho and was interested in nearly all of them. The patients' prognoses in many cases were very good. Patient’s lives were improved dramatically by Orthopedic intervention.

 

 

  • Describe an Orthopedic Surgeon's typical work day?

Long. Orthopedic Surgery is no place for individuals looking for a structured 8 to 5 job. Attendings often work harder than residents. First and foremost, the patient comes first and your day ends when the work is done.

 

  • What type of lifestyle can a an Orthopedic Surgeon expect?  

It's not dermatology. Call and nights vary between sub-specialties, but generally if you are asking this question, Orthopedic Surgery may not be the right choice for you.

 

  • What is the average salary of an Orthopedic Surgeon?

Also varies from specialty to specialty. Generally speaking Orthopedic Surgeons are some of the best compensated surgical specialists, but that should only be a perk. Don’t go into Orthopedic Surgery for the money, times are changing.

 

  • What is the job market like for Orthopedic Surgery?

The market varies amongst subspecialties. Hand Surgery and Sports Medicine are amongst the most competitive now, but are also rather saturated. Generally speaking, our aging population bodes well for our job security for the next couple of decades at least.

 

  • What can you tell us about Orthopedic Surgery sub-specialties?

Residencies currently range from 5-6 years with 1 year fellowships available in: Shoulder, Hand, Spine, Tumor, Joints, Sports Medicine, Pediatrics, Trauma… About 85% of current residency graduates are going onto Fellowship training.

 

  • What are the potential downsides of Orthopedic Surgery?

Be prepared to work hard and not complain.

 

  • What else would you tell medical students who are considering Orthopedic Surgery?

With a good work ethic and the right motives, Orthopedic Surgery will offer a rewarding lifetime of challenge and service.

 

  • How competitive is the Orthopedic Surgery match?

Very, with the caveat that interpersonal and personality traits cannot emphasized enough.

 

  • What are residencies looking for in an Orthopedic Surgery applicant?

You will need to reach a certain threshold of competency/test scores (different programs weight each of these differently). The rest is studying and hard work. Away rotations are usually weighted pretty heavily and should be considered a month long job interview. Dress appropriately, prepare for cases/clinic, show up early, etc.

 

 

  • What should students look for in an Orthopedic Surgery residency?

I would want to feel fairly comfortable with the people you interact with. You will be spending a good chunk of your life with them. Also, ask them the appropriate, but difficult questions. I always appreciated programs that seemed to be up front and honest.

 

 

  • Do you have any advice about the residency application?

Spend plenty of time on your personal statement and have it proofread by several different people. Another thing that I found useful was to offer to draft letters for those you ask…chances are good they are probably busier than you are.

 

  • Is there anything you wish you knew before application season?

Give every day your best shot. Otherwise stop worrying. The rest takes care of itself. No amount of worry will do anything but shorten your life span.

 

  • What other advice to you have for students applying to Orthopedics?

Good luck! It is a stressful, but dynamic time in life.

 

Editor's Note: For more help choosing a specialty in medicine, I highly recommend one or both of these two great books. I found both very useful.

 

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Spotlight Interview: Why Did You Choose Anesthesia? (Pittsburgh Resident)

Categories:

Residency, Anesthesia, Choosing a Specialty, Why did you choose....?

July 9, 2012

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An Anesthesia Resident's Perspective: From an interview with an anesthesia resident from the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

Part of an interview series entitled, "Specialty Spotlights", which asks medical students' most burning questions to physicians of every specialty.  See what doctors from every specialty had to say about why they chose their specialty and how to match in their residency.

 

  • What attracted you to Anesthesia?

I was attracted to the intimate patient care, to a specialty that is procedurally oriented, and to a specialty that requires a working knowledge of physiology and pharmacology.  I saw a lot of energy in the fact that anesthesiologists need to have the ability to control all aspects of a patient's response to surgery in real time.

 

  • Describe an Anesthesiologist's typical work day?

This depends on the type of practice you will ultimately choose. Generally, anesthesiologists arrive early-ish (like 6:30-7am) and are usually done when all surgeries are finished for the day (this can range from 3pm- 6pm depending on working environment).  Weekends and nights are infrequent, but some call is generally taken at least early in your career.

 

  • What type of lifestyle can a Anesthesiologist expect?

The lifestyle is very good. Like I said, weekends and nights are usually free unless you need to take hospital call, which is infrequent at worst.  If you end up at a private practice at an outpatient surgery center you can expect to work from 7am until 5pm Monday thru Friday!

 

  • What is the average salary of a Anesthesiologist?

250k-450k per year.  Some jobs will start you as high as 400k if you will move to a 'less desirable' location.  Salaries are lower for big cities, just like all other specialties. More details at http://www.gaswork.com

 

  • What is the job market like for Anesthesiology?

Excellent.

 

  • What can you tell us about Anesthesiology Sub-specialties?

Most fellowships are another 1-2 years after residency. The most common fellowships are pain management, pediatrics, critical care medicine, and cardiovascular anesthesia.

 

  • What are the potential downsides of Anesthesiology that students should be aware of?

There is some concern over liability, but this is no different than Ortho, neurosurgery, ob/gyn, and many other specialties involved in surgery..  The concern that CRNA's will take all the work away is commonly overstated.

 

  • What else would you tell medical students who are considering Anesthesiology?

Work hard in all rotations, and especially on your anesthesia rotation.  Commonly an anesthesia rotation is one where you can go home at lunch and no one notices, but it pays huge dividends if you get noticed working "late" (like til 4pm).  Actively seek out procedural opportunities on all rotations.  Try to do related rotations like pulmonary consults and pain management. You definitely should complete an ICU rotation and you should do you best to excel at it.

 

Editor's Note: For more help choosing a specialty in medicine, I highly recommend one or both of these two great books. I found both very useful.

 

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Spotlight Interview: How to Match in Anesthesiology (Pittsburgh Resident)

Categories:

Residency, Anesthesia, How to match in....?, The Match

July 8, 2012

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An Anesthesia Resident’s Perspective:  From an interview with an anesthesia resident from the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine in Pennsylvania.

Part of an interview series entitled, "Specialty Spotlights", which asks medical students' most burning questions to physicians of every specialty.  See what doctors from every specialty had to say about why they chose their specialty and how to match in their residency.

 

  • How competitive is the Anesthesiology match?

The anesthesia match is moderately difficult.  However, the answer to this question really depends on how you look on paper and in person. Our match is not as difficult as plastic surgery, but there are always a few people in the country who do not match. You should speak with one of the deans of your medical school if you have concerns.

 

  • What are residencies looking for in an Anesthesiology applicant?

The most important factors initially are a student's performance in anesthesia rotations and letters of recommendation.  Board scores do matter, but need not be sky high.  Mostly, anesthesiologists are laid back and are looking for someone they can work easily with.  You also need to show initiative and be able to make decisions quickly and respond to crises effectively. I am not sure exactly how one portrays these qualities, but the interview certainly can help.  Have answers in your mind to questions that you will almost certainly get asked (examples: Why have you chosen anesthesia?,Can you tell me an example in your life of problem solving?, Where do you think the specialty is going in next 10-25 years?, etc.).

 

  • What do you wish you knew before application/interview season?  

I did not have much exposure to FREIDA. I would recommend researching program statistics on FREIDA prior to applying, you will learn some interesting things about programs and may even choose not to apply to one and to apply to a different program.  Also, the ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) annual meeting is in October (right before interview season) and there are a number of medical student specific programs that include an opportunity to meet and talk with many program directors (this event occurs on the weekend portion of the meeting).  I would try to attend if it is at all financially possible to do so.

 

  • What should students be looking for in an Anesthesia residency program?

Use FREIDA and your other tools to determine what size program you want to be part of. Large and small programs each have their positives and negatives. Look for residencies that fit into the program size and 'level of prestige' that fits what you're looking for in the work/life balance and where you want to go with your future career.  You will also find that more prestigious schools at big research universities also have positives and negatives.

 

  • What other advice do you have for students applying to Anesthesiology residency?

Start early and get everything submitted ASAP, most programs filter through the applicant pool once and then fill all interview spots. Furthermore, spots fill quickly, so have your email forwarded to your phone/pager and don't be afraid to excuse yourself from your rotation to set up an interview; 4 hours later may be too late.  It is not uncommon for programs to send out more invites than they have interview spots.

 

Editor's Note: Applying for residency or preparing for your interviews? I highly recommend First Aid for the Match, The Successful Match: 200 Rules to Succeed in the Residency Match, and The Residency Interview: How To Make the Best Possible Impression .


 

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Spotlight Interview: How to Match in Anesthesiology (Emory Resident)

Categories:

Residency, Anesthesia, Choosing a Specialty, How to match in....?, The Match

June 4, 2012

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An Anesthesia Resident’s Perspective:  From an interview with an anesthesia resident from Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia.

Part of an interview series entitled, “Specialty Spotlights“, which asks medical students’ most burning questions to physicians of every specialty.  See what doctors from every specialty had to say about why they chose their specialty and how to match in their residency.

 

  • How competitive is the Anesthesiology match?

Comfortably in between family practice and plastic surgery.  Overall, it would probably be considered medium competitiveness.  Interestingly, the competitiveness of anesthesia has varied quite a bit over the years (higher board scores, lower match rate, etc). The numbers seem to be about average right now though.

 

  •  What must a student do to match well in Anesthesia?

You need to find great references from anesthesiologists.  This can be accomplished in the standard ways but most importantly is to demonstrate interest by performing well in an anesthesiology rotation.

 

  • What are residencies looking for in an Anesthesiology applicant?

Residencies are most interested in a well-rounded medical student that can think well on his/her feet.  The same positives from other professional arenas apply to anesthesia – personality, humility, empathy, etcs.

 

  • What should students look for in an Anesthesia residency?

There are a few things you need to be aware of. First, you need to know the number of cases completed by residents at each of your interviews. You need to be ready to hit the ground running, so # of cases and variety is important. You will be able to learn about the satisfaction of current residents while on your interviews. You should also consider georgraphic fit with family, and your career goals in general (academics vs. private among other questions). Ask where past residents have ended up – fellowships?  Jobs?  What are the employment statistics?

 

  • Do you have any advice on the application, letters of recommendation, personal statements, or how to rank programs?

The best 20-30 programs essentially all offer the same things.  Everyone gets jobs, or has fellowship options.  Go where you have the best fit, where the geography/hospital best suits the interest of your family (or yourself).

 

  • What do you wish you knew before application/interview season?  

Calling programs once or twice is not seen as “nagging” – a friendly, professional follow-up to applications will oftentimes turn into an interview offer so long as you do it early in the process.

 

  • What other advice do you have for students applying to Anesthesiology residency?

Whether you apply to anesthesia, emergency medicine or ophthalmology – you need to be honest with yourself about your career aspirations.  Try and get past the notion that you “need to be a neurosurgeon or your life was for naught.”  Accept that there are many specialties and many places where you can be a very successful, happy professional.  Remember to mind your spouse/significant other and ask for their input – your decision will affect more lives than your own.

 

Editor's Note: Applying for residency or preparing for your interviews? I highly recommend First Aid for the Match, The Successful Match: 200 Rules to Succeed in the Residency Match, and The Residency Interview: How To Make the Best Possible Impression .


 

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Spotlight Interview: Why Did You Choose Anesthesia? (Emory Resident)

Categories:

Anesthesia, Choosing a Specialty, Why did you choose....?

June 4, 2012

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An Anesthesia Resident’s Perspective: From an interview with an anesthesia resident from the Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia.

Part of an interview series entitled, “Specialty Spotlights“, which asks medical students’ most burning questions to physicians of every specialty.  See what doctors from every specialty had to say about why they chose their specialty and how to match in their residency.

 

  • What attracted you to Anesthesia?

A couple of things stand out to me.  First and foremost, I was attracted to its pace & acuity.  I learned pretty quickly in medical school that I was not destined to manage a wide variety of chronic problems.  I have always been the type of person that prefers high-pressure situations and quick decision-making.  Secondly, I felt I had a lot in common with the other anesthesiologists I met.  There is most certainly a “personality type” that seems to gravitate toward the field – usually personable, outgoing but quietly knowledgable physicians.  Most importantly, they are the type of doctors that underscore doing a great job by staying out of the limelight.

 

  • Describe an Anesthesiologist’s typical work day?

A typical day for a general OR anesthesiologist involves the following – Arriving at the hospital around 615 am to prepare your rooms, see your patients, start any necessary IVs, lines etc.  Cases are ready to go around 7:15 at most hospitals.  As a resident you will typically stay with your patients for the duration of their case.  On a typical OR day with bread and butter abdominal surgery you oversee 4-5 cases a day.  At the end of the day you are relieved to go pre-op the next day’s patients (physical exam, brief H&P).  As an attending, the field is shifting to more of a perioperative & Anesthesia Care Team model.  This usually involves a physician overseeing the anesthesia to 3-4 cases simultaneously.  Nurses or residents work directly beneath the attending at the patient’s bedside.

 

  • What type of lifestyle can a Anesthesiologist expect?

Anesthesiology is far from a “lifestyle” specialty – busy practices will necessitate call (usually a weekend a month, or one night in seven as “first call”).  That being said, anesthesia has the perk of more defined hours than many other specialties.  When cases are done in your operating room, you are free to go home.  There are no follow up visits in clinics, floor management or chronic care with which to be concerned.

 

  • What is the average salary of a Anesthesiologist?

Typically new graduates will make around $250,000 average, depending on geographic location.  After a few years of practice (or with partnership) salary typically rises closer to $330-$350k per year.

 

  • What is the job market like for Anesthesiology?

There are always jobs for anesthesiologists.  Availability is geographically dependent, however.   If you are dead-set on working in midtown Manhattan you will have to take a pay cut, and your  job search will be a bit more labored.

 

  • What can you tell us about Anesthesiology Sub-specialties?

Typically the sub specialists will spend one extra year as a fellow (PGY5, five years total).   There are only a handful of ABA-recognized fellowships at this time.  Pain medicine, critical care medicine, cardiovascular anesthesia and pediatric anesthesia.  Experts predict there will soon be board-certification in obstetrics, neuro, and local anesthesia.

 

  • What are the potential downsides of Anesthesiology that students should be aware of?

I am always asked about the political climate of anesthesia, and the supposed “take over” by nurses.  This is something to consider before entering the field – the role of the anesthesiologist is always evolving, we are seeing a shift towards perioperative management and an “anesthesia care team” model being emphasized so physicians can manage multiple cases at the same time.  No one can predict what legislation will mandate in the future.  It goes without question that a physician-trained anesthesiologist will always be a necessity at major medical centers – and the need for good physicians will always be greater than the supply.

 

  • What else would you tell medical students who are considering Anesthesiology?

Spend time following anesthesiologists in the hospital setting.  If you know any anesthesiologists privately, try and assess how happy they are with their career choice.

 

Editor's Note: For more help choosing a specialty in medicine, I highly recommend one or both of these two great books. I found both very useful.

 

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Spotlight Interview: Why Did You Choose Urology? (USC Resident)

Categories:

Choosing a Specialty, Urology, Why did you choose....?

June 4, 2012

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A Urology Resident’s Perspective: From an interview with a urology resident from the University of Southern California (USC) Medical Center in Los Angeles, California.

Part of an interview series entitled, “Specialty Spotlights“, which asks medical students’ most burning questions to physicians of every specialty.  See what doctors from every specialty had to say about why they chose their specialty and how to match in their residency.

 

  • What attracted you to Urology?

Many factors attracted me to Urology…

1) Surgery – If you are interested in surgery then definitely consider urology. Urology has a very broad range of surgeries ranging from microsurgery to complex open abdominal cases with extensive reconstruction. If you are into technology, urology is often on the forefront of new surgical modalities such as robotic surgery.

2) Clinic – Many urologic issues are often dealt with in an outpatient clinic. There is definitely continuity of care as many urologic issues aren’t resolved with one clinic visit. Whether it is a patient with recurrent kidney stones that needs a metabolic work up, or a post surgical cystectomy patient for bladder cancer that you are surveying.  Also many urologic procedures can also be done in an office setting such as cystoscopy, ureteral stent placement, vasectomy, prostate biopsies, plus much more.

3) People – Your work environment and colleagues are an important factor in choosing a specialty. Although it is a stereotype, it is often true; urologists are known to be fun, down to earth, and happy surgeons. Also, urology is a small field. You will find when you go on interviews, you will get to know the majority of your interviewing cohort by the end of the interviewing season. Similarly, most academic urologists know the other academic urologists across the whole country. Everyone is familiar with one another and this lends to a tight knit group of specialists.

4) Lifestyle/Flexibility – This is definitely a factor to consider when choosing a specialty. Not only are urologists relatively well compensated as it is a surgical specialty, the field also lends itself to a relatively nicer lifestyle if that is what you are looking for. Although training is rigorous, once you are practicing there are generally very few urologic emergencies. Urology also allows you to be flexible with how you want to practice. You could do very well practicing as a general urologist. You can also choose to sub-specialize by pursuing one of a number of fellowships. These include urologic oncology, endourology/stone disease, pediatric urology, transplant, reconstruction, female/neuro urology, minimally invasive surgery, and andrology/infetility.

  • Describe a Urologist’s typical work day?

This can vary widely depending on if you are in academics or private practice, but in general urologists operative 2-3 days a week. The rest of the week is split between research and clinic.

 

  • What type of lifestyle can a Urologist expect?  

Few urologic emergencies lend to a nicer lifestyle for urologists. The field is flexible and you can generally choose to be as busy as you would like. Because it is a surgical field you can still expect relatively early mornings.

 

  • What is the average salary of a Urologist?

See the excellent positings on this blog for average salaries. [Link from the Editor: The Ultimate Guide to Physician Salaries]

 

  • What is the job market like for Urology?

In general, very good. Very few urologists are trained each year (approximately 270). This leads to a shorter supply for a growing field. Definitely keep in mind that in more desirable locations, jobs may be more difficult to find, and you will take a substantial pay cut than if you practiced in a more rural setting.

 

  • What can you tell us about Urology Sub-specialties?

Urologic oncology – 1-3 extra years of fellowship (accredited vs non accredited). Lifestyle is more varied as your patients are, in general, more sick. Variety of surgery from robotics to massive abdominal surgery.

Endourology/stone disease – 1-2 years of fellowship. Master endscopic/percutaneous management of stone dsease.

Female urology – 1-2 years of fellowship. Nice lifestyle, very good job market as they are in high demand.

Neurourology – 1-2 years of fellowship. Urodynamic evaluation of patients with voiding disorders.

Infetility/Andrology – 1-2 years of fellowship. Very few fellowship spots available. Very nice lifestyle, more competitive job market.

Pediatrics – 2-3 years of fellowship. Also competitive job market especially for major cities.

Transplant – 1-2 years of renal transplant fellowship. Varied lifestyle depending on seniority/call schedule.

Reconstruction – 1-2 years of fellowship. Nice lifestyle.

 

  • What are the potential downsides of Urology that students should be aware of?

It is not a field to go into if you are not into surgery. The surgical training is very rigorous. Most programs are 5-6 years in length, and you can expect early mornings and late evenings. Although times are changing, urology is still a male dominated field which can be a deterrent to many women who may be interested. The good news is that there is a rise in female applicants each year and there is a growing need and demand for urologists who are female.

 

  • What else would you tell medical students who are considering Urology?

If you are at all interested in surgery, definitely consider exposing yourself to urology by doing a rotation in medical school. Most medical students have little to no exposure to urology and much of this exposure is all in the classroom setting. Many people (including patients, medical students, and practicing physicians) have little knowledge of the field and what we do. Although it is a unique specialty, you can tailor your practice to your own wishes and desires: more clinic, more in-office procedures, more big whacks, etc.. Definitely check out www.urologymatch.com, which is surely the best resource for medical students and has many articles as well as an active message board. Also check out the official American Urologic Association at www.auanet.org.

 

Editor's Note: For more help choosing a specialty in medicine, I highly recommend one or both of these two great books. I found both very useful.

 

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Spotlight Interview: How to Match in Urology (USC Resident)

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Choosing a Specialty, How to match in....?, The Match, Urology

June 3, 2012

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A Urology Resident’s Perspective:  From an interview with a urology resident from the University of Southern California (USC) in Los Angeles, California

Part of an interview series entitled, “Specialty Spotlights“, which asks medical students’ most burning questions to physicians of every specialty.  See what doctors from every specialty had to say about why they chose their specialty and how to match in their residency.

 

  • How competitive is the Urology match?

It is considered a competitive specialty to match into. The website www.auanet.org has some statistics that can help you out. In general there is an approximately 70-80% match rate for students coming directly out of medical school. This number is substantially lower for graduates that did not match the first time around, graduates that took time off after medical school, and international medical graduates. The good news is the number of positions are increasing each year, while the number of applicants has stayed approximately the same. This does vary year by year.

 

  •  What must a student do to match well in Urology?

Be very well rounded. Step 1 scores aren’t everything, but many programs will use this score as a screening tool to offer you an interview. Unlike most other specialties, urology does not publish data on average Step 1 scores of matched applicants. There is a generalization that scores above 230 are considered competitive and will get you interviews at most places except for possibly top tier institutions. There are definitely exceptions, and unfortunately these date are not publicized by institutions. Research is not a must, but can definitely set you apart from others, especially if you have presented the research at a meeting or as a published article. This will give you more to talk about during your interviews. Great letters of recommendations from urologists are also important. Having a letter from a well known urologist can really help your application and increases your chance of matching well. Urology is a small field, and most academic urologists know each other well, so a strong letter of recommendation from a leader in the field can take you far.

 

  • What are residencies looking for in a Urology applicant?
Stong work ethic. Personable applicants. Great board scores. Strong letters of recommendations. Great clinical knowledge.

 

  • What should students look for in a Urology residency?

Satisfaction – how happy are the residents? Operative experience – do the residents get autonomy when they operate or are they mainly assisting attendings? There are some programs where you will be assisting even as a chief resident. Research – is there a research year built into the program? What opportunities are there for clinical/translational/basic science research? do the residents publish? Location/Social life – although you will be busy, the days you are free you want to be able to have something to do. Do the residents have fun outside of the hospital? Staff – how are they to work with?

 

  • Do you have any advice on the application, letters of recommendation, personal statements, or how to rank programs?

1) Submit your application early! If possible this means the day ERAS is open for application submission (For the 2013 match this date is September 15th, 2012). You can fill out the majority of ERAS ahead of time. Also make sure all your letters of recommendation’s are ready by the time you can finalize and submit your ERAS.

2) In general, only obtain letters of recommendations from urologists. 3 is enough. One is usually from the chairman of your urology department (and often the most important letter), and the rest are from either away institution urologists or a particular attending you worked with extensively and knows you well.

3) The personal statement is more likely to hurt you then to help you. Very rarely do personal statements stand out, and if they do stand out it may not be a good thing. In general be sincere, honest, and to the point in your personal statement.

 

  • What do you wish you knew before application/interview season?  

1) If you know you have a possible interest in urology, do a rotation as early as possible in your 3rd year. This will give you time to get to know the urology department at your university and will help you find a research project. Also, meet with your school’s dean regarding your competitiveness. Start talking with the urology residents at your institution and their experiences with applying.

2) Away rotations are important for urology. Not only does it give you an opportunity to see what other programs are like, this is also your chance to show them what can’t be expressed on your application. Start researching the programs where you might want to do an  away rotation early on, as applications for away rotations are generally due by February/March of your 3rd year. Importantly, an away rotation can help you just as much as it can hurt you. Think of it as a month long interview. While the month can be extremely stressful, it can also give you the best chance of matching at an institution you might not have thought you had a chance at. Most urology applicants do 1-2 away rotations.

3) If your USMLE Step 1 score is not as strong, consider taking Step 2 early. A substantial increase in your step 2 score can definitely help you.

4) Keep in mind that as of the 2012 match, the urology match is still an early match and it is separate from the regular match. This means that you need to expedite your application as well as letters of recommendation. As soon as your application can be finalized and submitted on ERAS (generally beginning of September), do this. This means your letters have to already be uploaded at this time. Many programs start offering interviews within a week of application submission. Interviews in general start at the end of September and last through mid December. The peak of interviews is during the month of November. On the bright side, all this hard work also means that you also get to match mid-January.

5) Spend lots of time on www.urologymatch.com. There is plenty of good information that can help prepare you for every aspect of urology.

6) Take everything you read on www.urologymatch.com with a grain of salt. The best way to really get to know a program is gathering information from multiple sources (first hand experience with an away rotation, talking to the residents/attendings, reading various opinions online).

 

  • What other advice do you have for students applying to Urology residency?

After your interview season is over, consider doing a second look if you have the time/money. A second look is a 1 or 2 day return visit to a program so that you can see first hand what they are all about. This is definitely not a must, however it can help you with making your match list. I suggest this particularly for programs that you think you will rank high, as this will allow you to experience first hand what the program is like. If you really like a program, try to find out during your first interview if second-look day is something that many people do. Again as much as a second look can help you with how you rank a program,  remember that it is the second-look at your for the program as well.  Do a second look if you really want to discover more about a program, not to show a program you’re really interested.

 

Editor's Note: Applying for residency or preparing for your interviews? I highly recommend First Aid for the Match, The Successful Match: 200 Rules to Succeed in the Residency Match, and The Residency Interview: How To Make the Best Possible Impression .


 

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Radiology: “Don’t Choose Something You Hate”

Categories:

Choosing a Specialty, Compensation, How to match in....?, Radiology, The Match, Why did you choose....?

June 3, 2012

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A Radiology Resident’s Perspective: An interview with a radiology resident who has asked to remain completely anonymous for reasons you may soon understand.

Part of an interview series entitled, “Specialty Spotlights“, which asks medical students’ most burning questions to physicians of every specialty.  See what doctors from every specialty had to say about why they chose their specialty and how to match in their residency.

 

  • What attracted you to Radiology?

The money.  Choosing a specialty for its salary is considered an anathema in the medical community.  Because the discussion of salary is taboo, many medical students have taken to talking about a specialty’s “lifestyle.”  In reality, lifestyle and salary/work ratio are near synonymous.  With the notable exceptions of radiation oncology and dermatology, radiology is unquestionably at the top of the heap.  Factoring in vacation, hours, and salary the average private practice (PP) radiologist made nearly twice as much per hour as a general surgeon.  If you are going to sacrifice your youth to medical education then you should be lucratively rewarded.

As I learned more about radiology, I realized that the specialty has all sorts of unique advantages.  Without a patient base, a radiologist is free to move about the country at will.  They can work from home or from anywhere in the world with teleradiology.  This mobility, free of the fetter of patient care, continues to drive radiologist’s salaries higher. Radiologists tend to practice longer than any other specialty (except pathology) presumably due to the relaxed work environment.  However many radiologists retire early, which is silly because radiology differs little from retirement.

When I began my clinical rotations, I made a very important and life altering discovery.  Clinical medicine sucks.  I hated the whole experience.  I agonized at having to pick between such awful choices.  People kept telling me, “Just do what you love!”  I have different advice, “Don’t do what you hate!”  Radiology is unique in that we have an integral role in patient care without having to be dragged into any of patient care’s unpleasantries.  I am no longer screamed at by patients at 2 am because they think nexium is causing back pain.  I no longer have to hold a screaming child for a shot or calm down a sundowning gomer.  If you have the opportunity to save lives from a distance, I highly recommend it.

 

While the lifestyle is enviable, radiology is anything but easy.  Radiology is an intellectually rigorous specialty that encompasses the entire breadth of medicine.  The training requires extensive study of anatomy, pathology, physics, and treatment.  In emergencies, films must be read quickly and accurately.  Entire medical treatment plans are sometimes based on a radiologist’s dictation.  Medical imaging continues to be at the forefront of modern medicine. Technology advances rapidly and a radiologist should expect to spend most of his or her career keeping up with current technology.

 

  • Describe a Radiologist’s typical work day?

The typical radiologist comes to work and reads films in the dark for the majority of the day.  The work day in punctuated by phone calls, administrative responsibilities, and procedures (thoracenteses, liver biopsies, chest tubes, barium swallows, etc.).  Contrary to popular belief, these procedures are performed by general radiologists with no special “interventional” training.

 

The Radiologist’s Dilemma: This radiologist can’t decide which LED TV to buy. A common problem…

  • What type of lifestyle can a Radiologist expect?  

Based on information on the ACR website, job postings, and anecdotal experience the average radiologist works about 50 hours a week.  Generally this is a 7am-4pm M-F with one short call until 9pm and 1-2 weekend days per month.  Work schedules are flexible.  It is also possible to rearrange the work schedule in many different ways with your partners.  Our work schedule isn’t tied to patient management so we can divide it anyway we wish.  PP radiologists average 10 weeks of vacation per year, a figure that makes teachers envious.

  • What is the average salary of a Radiologist?

Based on the most recent Merrit Hawkins salary scan the average radiologist makes $417,000(1).  Andrew has compiled the entire source of physician salary data into one easily searchable article.  The Ultimate Guide to Physician Salaries. I highly recommend it.

 

  • What is the job market like for Radiology?

The job market is somewhat tight at the moment, though this is not unique to radiology.

 

  • What are the potential downsides of Radiology that students should be aware of?

My specialty is perfect.

 

  • What else would you tell medical students who are considering Radiology?

Don’t do what you hate.  Kill the boards and standardized tests.  Keep your options open.

 

  • How competitive is the Radiology match?

Radiology is a very competitive specialty.  The average USMLE STEP 1 is 240(2).  26% of successfully graduates are inducted into AOA.  Most have some research.  Luckily, radiology is a surprising large specialty.  With nearly 1000 positions per year, there are plenty of spots to go around.  More residency positions are created every year.  For this reason, radiology is less competitive than dermatology, radiation oncology, plastic surgery, orthopedics, otolaryngology, or ophthalmology.  Clinicians actively try to dissuade medical students from going into radiology.

 

  • What are residencies looking for in a Radiology applicant?

Personality, 3rd year grades, board scores, research.  In that order.

 

  • What else would you tell medical students who are considering Radiology?

I wish I knew how fat I would get on pre-interview dinners.  Radiology interviews are great.  If I could do it again, I would.

 

  • What should students look for in a Radiology residency?
  1. A balance of case volume and teaching:  There are “work” residencies and “study” residencies.  “Work” residencies focus on learning to read films and dictate efficiently but can lack structured educational activities such as lectures and research.  If case volume is too high, you may be trained to be a transcriptionist instead of a radiologist.  On the other hand, at certain programs the residents are underworked and spend a large portion of their day studying and researching.  While these residencies sound cushy, it is embarrassing for residents to have to fight each other for cases.  One should look for a program where the residents do not have to compete with fellows for films/cases.
  2. “View-box” teaching:  The ideal situation is that the resident reads a film independently, checks out with the attending who teaches and answers questions, and then the resident dictates a report.  The suboptimal way is that the resident types a brief preliminary report which is later finalized by an attending with no face-to-face contact.  (Though the latter situation is appropriate for senior residents reading basic films.)
  3. Modern Equipment:  Radiology is a rapidly changing field.  Don’t be behind in the technology before you even start!
  4. Residents and Faculty:  Go someplace where you will fit in and feel comfortable.
  5. Facilities:  Palace or dump?
  6. Food:  You are what you eat.
  7. Fitness:  For something to do with all your free time.

 

  • What other advice do you have for students applying to Radiology?

I met an old southern radiologist when I was a medical student.  He looked like a colonel in the Civil War.  Grizzled and wizened, he looked me straight in the eye and asked, “Son, what is it ya wanna do with yo life?”

“Radiology, sir.”

He said, ”Well that shows remawkable judgment and good sense.”

You are choosing a career for LIFE.  Choose a specialty that you will enjoy when you’re 64.  Most people have the same specialty longer than they are married.  Treat your specialty choice with the same careful consideration as you would with any major life decision.  Or don’t, and go into ER.  What do I care?  Peace.

 

MYTH OR FACT:

Physicians from all specialties frequently switch to radiology after realizing their mistake

  1. Radiology is going to be Outsourced! – A favorite MYTH of surgeons, foreign doctors, and the ignorant.  First and foremost, as long as radiology is considered to be medical practice, then it will require aUS medical license.  Credentialing is increasingly difficult and the notion that any hospital would credential an unknown inRanipet,India is absurd.  Second, general radiologists now perform far too many procedures to not have a physical presence at a hospital.  And third, there is no way to sue that physician in Ranipet.
  2. Radiology doesn’t have enough patient contact  – MYTH.  Radiology has as much patient contact as you want.  At any time, I can put down my mocha latte and go talk to my patients.  I don’t, but I could.  Radiology requires a one year internship that is designed to shatter any delusions medical students still have about patient contact.
  3. Radiology has turf wars with other specialties.  – This is FACT, but it is not unique to radiology.  The most notable radiology turf war is with cardiologists over cardiac imaging.  Clinicians reading their own films is grossly inappropriate.  Clinicians are 4 times more likely to order a film if they are reading it themselves3.  Beyond the unscrupulous avarice, the radiation from unnecessary studies causes direct harm to patients.
  4. Radiologists sit in the dark all day – FACT, but there is nothing stopping me from turning the lights on while I read films.

 

Editor's Note: For more help choosing a specialty in medicine, I highly recommend one these great books about choosing a specialty. If you have already decided on radiology, I recommend the First Aid for the Match to help you get ready for interviews.

 

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Spotlight Interview: Why Did You Choose Urology? (OSU Resident)

Categories:

Choosing a Specialty, General Surgery Rotation, Urology, Why did you choose....?

June 1, 2012

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A Urology Resident’s Perspective: From an interview with a urology resident The Ohio State University Medical Center  in Columbus, Ohio.

Part of an interview series entitled, “Specialty Spotlights“, which asks medical students’ most burning questions to physicians of every specialty.  See what doctors from every specialty had to say about why they chose their specialty and how to match in their residency.

 

  • What attracted you to Urology?
I knew that I was attracted to surgery, but I was not interested in living a “surgeon lifestyle.”  Many doctors, including surgeons in other specialties, recommended during medical school that I check out urology.  Urology was not on my differential and the thought of dedicating my life to the urinary tract did not seem appealing.  I was convinced to do a 2 week surgery subspecialy rotation in urology.  I was amazed at the breadth of surgical procedures they performed.  I also enjoyed all the different equipment (or toys) that they utilized.  There was also a lot of variety in clinic between medicine and office procedures.  I appreciated the fact that urologists worked hard, but most days were still done at a reasonable hour.   This allowed the urologists to maintain a healthy balance between work and life outside the hospital.  Probably, the deciding factor was how genuinely happy the urologists were and when asked, all of them stated they would choose urology if they had to do it all over again.

 

  • Describe a Urologist’s typical work day?

The work week is usually split fairly evenly between clinic and OR.  I would say that most urologists have around 2 OR days and 3 clinic days, although many clinic days may have time dedicated to office procedures.  Obviously, the clinic days are going to be more routine office hours.  OR days vary a lot depending on what type of cases you perform.  Most procedures are outpatient and relatively short.  If you plan to do a lot of cancer surgery then you will do some longer cases and therefore will have some evenings spent operating.

 

  • What type of lifestyle can a Urologist expect?  

It is still a surgery field which means you still have early rounds due to early OR cases.  I feel that residency hours are comparable to other surgery fields, with the main difference maybe being home call for urology versus in-house call for many other fields.  I feel there is a light at the end of the tunnel though.  In practice, most days will have office-hours type of schedule.  A lot depends on what types of cases you decide to do and how the call is split up.  In general, there are less emergent surgeries in urology than most other fields.  If you are at a busy hospital there still may be ER consults and inpatient catheter issues that will need to be addressed in the middle of the night.  I think that most nights, even on call, you can expect to get a decent amount of sleep.  Relative to some surgery fields, you should have adequate time to spend with family and doing hobbies during the evenings and weekends.

 

  • What is the average salary of a Urologist?

Overall, probably between $200,000 and $600,000 with starting salary between $200,000 to $400,000.  A lot has to do with private practice versus academics and how saturated the specific market is.  I think most academic urologists will make between $200,000 to $300,000, but with certain bonus/incentive packages may eventually make more.  If you are starting off in a bigger practice in a more competetive location, you will likely start off closer to the $200,000 range, but with time can build up your practice and eventually be making greater then $500,000.  There has also been a trend towards hospital employed urologists.  These hospitals will often provide higher starting salaries (e.g. closer to $400,000), but may have more of a ceiling on how much you can earn from there.

 

  • What is the job market like for Urology?

Most of the big, destination type cities are relatively saturated.  Having said that, you can likely get a job just about anywhere but you may just have to take a big pay cut.  There are many relatively rural hospitals that are desperate for urologists and will pay good money to lure you out there.  I would say in general that the job market is good, but you may need to have some flexibility on where you want to end up practicing.

 

  • What can you tell us about Urology Sub-specialties?

Urology fellowships are 1-2 years.  As opposed to the trend in many other surgical fields, you definitely do not need a fellowship to get a good job.  Most residents will only do a fellowship if they want to do academics or if there is a specialty field that they feel they did not get adequate exposure to during residency and they desire extra training in.  In some big cities, fellowships may give you a marketable skill, but most fellowship trained urologists will still practice general urology with maybe a slant towards that specialty.  If you really just want to do one specialized field and not other parts of urology, then academics is likely your best option.

 

  • What are the potential downsides of Urology that students should be aware of?

Urology is a tough surgical residency.  With any type of surgery comes complications and stress.  Although call may be better than some surgery fields, there are still going to be emergent cases or patients crashing in the middle of the night and on weekends.  You are dedicating yourself to the urinary tract which means a lot of bloody urine and prostate exams.  Everytime you tell people what field you’re in you have to answer the question, “why urology?”

 

  • What else would you tell medical students who are considering Urology?

If you want variety and enjoy being busy then this is a good field to consider. Compensation is definitely on the higher end which is a bonus!

 

Editor's Note: For more help choosing a specialty in medicine, I highly recommend one or both of these two great books. I found both very useful.

 

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